6,476 research outputs found
Real space first-principles derived semiempirical pseudopotentials applied to tunneling magnetoresistance
In this letter we present a real space density functional theory (DFT)
localized basis set semi-empirical pseudopotential (SEP) approach. The method
is applied to iron and magnesium oxide, where bulk SEP and local spin density
approximation (LSDA) band structure calculations are shown to agree within
approximately 0.1 eV. Subsequently we investigate the qualitative
transferability of bulk derived SEPs to Fe/MgO/Fe tunnel junctions. We find
that the SEP method is particularly well suited to address the tight binding
transferability problem because the transferability error at the interface can
be characterized not only in orbital space (via the interface local density of
states) but also in real space (via the system potential). To achieve a
quantitative parameterization, we introduce the notion of ghost semi-empirical
pseudopotentials extracted from the first-principles calculated Fe/MgO bonding
interface. Such interface corrections are shown to be particularly necessary
for barrier widths in the range of 1 nm, where interface states on opposite
sides of the barrier couple effectively and play a important role in the
transmission characteristics. In general the results underscore the need for
separate tight binding interface and bulk parameter sets when modeling
conduction through thin heterojunctions on the nanoscale.Comment: Submitted to Journal of Applied Physic
Modifications of Gait as Predictors of Natural Osteoarthritis Progression in STR/Ort Mice
OBJECTIVE: Osteoarthritis (OA) is a common chronic disease for which disease-modifying therapies are not currently available. Studies to seek new targets for slowing the progress of OA rely on mouse models, but these do not allow for longitudinal monitoring of disease development. This study was undertaken to determine whether gait can be used to measure disease severity in the STR/Ort mouse model of spontaneous OA and whether gait changes are related to OA joint pain. METHODS: Gait was monitored using a treadmill-based video system. Correlations between OA severity and gait at 3 treadmill speeds were assessed in STR/Ort mice. Gait and pain behaviors of STR/Ort mice and control CBA mice were analyzed longitudinally, with monthly assessments. RESULTS: The best speed to identify paw area changes associated with OA severity in STR/Ort mice was found to be 17 cm · seconds(−1). Paw area was modified with age in CBA and STR/Ort mice, but this began earlier in STR/Ort mice and correlated with the onset of OA at 20 weeks of age. In addition, task noncompliance appeared at 20 weeks. Surprisingly, STR/Ort mice did not show any signs of pain with OA development, even when treated with the opioid antagonist naloxone, but did exhibit normal pain behaviors in response to complete Freund's adjuvant–induced arthritis. CONCLUSION: The present results identify an animal model in which OA severity and OA pain can be studied in isolation from one another. The findings suggest that paw area and treadmill noncompliance may be useful tools to longitudinally monitor nonpainful OA development in STR/Ort mice. This will help in providing a noninvasive means of assessing new therapies to slow the progression of OA
Vortex Mass in BCS systems: Kopnin and Baym-Chandler contributions
The Kopnin mass and the Baym-Chandler mass of the vortex have the same
origin. Both represent the mass of the normal component trapped by the vortex.
The Kopnin mass of the vortex is formed by quasiparticles localized in the
vicinity of the vortex. In the superclean limit it is calculated as linear
response exactly in the same way as the density of the normal component is
calculated in homogeneous superfluid. The Baym-Chandler mass is the
hydrodynamical (associated) mass trapped by vortex. It is analogous to the
normal component formed by inhomogeneities, such as pores and impurities. Both
contributions are calculated for the generic model of the continuous vortex
core.Comment: revtex file, 3 pages, 1 figure. Initially appeared as Comment to the
paper by E.B. Sonin et al "Vortex motion in charged and neutral superfluids:
A hydrodynamic approach" (Phys. Rev. B 57, 575 (1998)). The calculation of
the backflow mass is adde
Reply to Comment "Invalidity of classes of approximate Hall effect calculations."
We reply to the criticism raised by Ao in his Comment (cond-mat/9801180).
Being unable to properly treat the Hall conductivity in a mixed state of
superconductors, Ao is looking for possible mistakes in microscopic and
phenomenological calculations, as well as in the corresponding experiments. The
errors in his treatment of the problem (cond-mat/9704247) are analized. We
indicate where the approach advocated by him fails to properly account for the
interaction with impurities and other sources of relaxation.Comment: reply to Comment by Ao (cond-mat/9801180) on our paper in PRL, 79,
1377 (1997), revtex file, 1 page, no figure
Vortex vs spinning string: Iordanskii force and gravitational Aharonov-Bohm effect
We discuss the transverse force acting on the spinning cosmic string, moving
in the background matter. It comes from the gravitational Aharonov-Bohm effect
and corresponds to the Iordanskii force acting on the vortex in superfluids,
when the vortex moves with respect to the normal component of the liquid.Comment: Latex file, 9 pages, no figures, references are added, version
submitted to JETP Let
S13RS SGR No. 13 (Sustainability Orientation)
A RESOLUTION
To urge and request the Office of Orientation to implement a sustainability program in all new student orientation session
Vortex avalanches and the onset of superfluid turbulence
Quantized circulation, absence of Galilean invariance due to a clamped normal
component, and the vortex mutual friction are the major factors that make
superfluid turbulence behave in a way different from that in classical fluids.
The model is developed for the onset of superfluid turbulence that describes
the initial avalanche-like multiplication of vortices into a turbulent vortex
tangle.Comment: 4 page
Asymptotic motion of a single vortex in a rotating cylinder
We study numerically the behavior of a single quantized vortex in a rotating
cylinder. We study in particular the spiraling motion of a vortex in a cylinder
that is parallel to the rotation axis. We determine the asymptotic form of the
vortex and its axial and azimuthal propagation velocities under a wide range of
parameters. We also study the stability of the vortex line and the effect of
tilting the cylinder from the rotation axis.Comment: 9 pages, 10 figures. Considerable changes, now close to the published
versio
Comment on "Transverse Force on a Quantized Vortex in a Superfluid"
The result of Thouless, Ao and Niu (TAN), that the mutual friction parameter
, contradicts to the experiments made in rotating 3He-B by
Manchester group. The Manchester group observed that at low
temperature and approaches 1 at high temperature. The reason of the
contradiction is that TAN did not take into account the Iordanskii force on the
vortex and the spectral flow force, which comes from the anomaly related to the
low-energy bound states of fermions in cores of quantized vortices. The
Iordanskii force is responsible for the negative at low
temperature, while due to the spectral flow approaches 1 at high
temperature. Relation of the spectral flow anomaly with the paradoxes of the
linear and angular momenta in gapless superfluids is discussed.Comment: revtex, 2 pages, submitted to Physical Review Letters as "Comment" to
the paper D.J. Thouless, P. Ao and Q. Niu, Phys. Rev. Lett. 76, 3758 (1996
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